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I have a Supermicro X9SCM board with a Atheros AR5008 PCI Express card (D-LINK DWA-556, Device=0024&Vendor=168C). The card can successfully be marked for PCI passthrough in ESXi (I tried versions 4.1 and 5.0) though each time I start a VM with the Wifi card associated - the entire host freezes and requires a hard reset.

There is a good chance this card is just not compatible for some reason - though there seems to be at least one report I could find of it "working", or at least the guest being able to boot. I would really like to understand why it is failing though. I have tried digging into some log files and other resources to see if I can glean any knowledge on how to best troubleshoot this, though I am far from an expert with VMWare tools.

Here is what I have looked at so far:

  • BIOS, tried latest version (1.1a) and one older version (1.0c).
  • The BIOS has a log that reports "PCI ERR" or "PCI ERR - Asserted" whenever this freeze event happens.
  • I grabbed the various logs from /var/log on the ESXi host, though I haven't really been able to see anything too useful from them just yet. Maybe I don't know where to look.
  • I tried adding the PCI card to the passthru.map file to see if I could perhaps hint to ESXi how it should behave with no luck. (Note: I haven't tried all combinations of reset method / fpt shareable yet)
  • I have read there may be a difference with "Active" PCI Express cards. I believe this might be referring to Active State Power Management though I am not sure how to even check this.
  • I have contacted Supermicro support to see if there is a known issue with the BIOS / hardware though I haven't heard back. I also tried to get on the VMWare communities and post on their forums though I haven't been able to activate my account for some strange reason.

Again, my real question is: How do I go about understanding why this device is causing the hypervisor to lockup when it is assigned to a guest?

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3 Answers 3

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It likely is not the Hypervisor that is locking up, but some kind of hardware (like the PCIe switch). You would have a hard time debugging this without any kind of PCIe debugging hardware and a whole bunch of PCIe-specific knowledge, so it probably is not worth pursuing. In general, PCI passthrough is not what you should use without a great deal of consideration.

If you need a wireless-connected interface on the virtual machine, consider using an external device (router/bridge) bridging the wireless network to a wired one and using a virtual interface from within your virtual machine connecting to this network. Another option would be using a USB-plugged interface together with a USB network redirector.

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Realize this question might be dated but still came up as a top google result when I hit this problem. Found a solution here so figured I'd share.

My env:

  • VMware ESXi 6.5
  • SuperMicro SYS-E300-8D
  • OPNsense (FreeBSD based) guest
  • Qualcomm Atheros AR9462

Assumptions:

  • You've physically installed the card.
  • You've enabled it for passthrough in ESXi and rebooted
  • You've added this PCI device to a VM

Answer:

Set the correct passthrough params in the /etc/vmware/passthru.map adding an entry like so.

# passthrough attributes for devices
# file format: vendor-id device-id resetMethod fptShareable
# vendor/device id: xxxx (in hex) (ffff can be used for wildchar match)
# reset methods: flr, d3d0, link, bridge, default
# fptShareable: true/default, false

# Atheros Wireless
168c  0034  d3d0     false

Then reboot the host.

Note 1: The first and second fields here are vendor and device specific but I got the values (already in hex) from the ESXi web interface under Host>Manage>Hardware>PCI Devices

Note 2: There's other useful stuff in the passthru.map already so don't just overwrite, append.

I also set 

pciPassthru0.msiEnabled=false

in the .vmx file for the guest but before getting the passthru.map fixed so I'm not positive it's necessary.

I haven't finished configuring the card or making it useful but my host now stays running when the VM starts and the guest detects it.

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I'm curious as to what your plan is here. You're trying to run ESXi PCI passthrough of a wireless NIC to a guest virtual machine? What is the guest OS? What is the purpose of this setup?

Not all PCIe devices are compatible with VMDirectPath. This may simply be one of them.

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  • I am trying to pass it through to a pfSense VM
    – Goyuix
    Apr 18, 2012 at 2:44
  • @ewwhite - couldn't agree more, there's a limited number of VMDP capable adapters. Not ever card supports VT-d or IOMM, even then you need a supporting BIOS/EUFI. That's why people usually pick supported cards in the first place.
    – Chopper3
    Apr 18, 2012 at 8:06

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