As far as I can see, there is no such thing in Windows built-in.
Now even if you can bind a certain service to a particular interface, that doesn't stop other services to use that interface. Then actually you need to bind each and every service to certain interface so that they don't use any other than the one configured.
I'm also not quite sure, what do you mean by, application running on an adapter. An application can uses an interface to communicate to outside world using TCP/IP (or some other protocol). May be you should think of securing that communication.
As of binding a certain server socket
to an interface only works for incoming traffic and not for outgoing traffic. See here: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2065495/using-a-specific-network-interface-for-a-socket-in-windows
May be you should think of certain services to be available on certain ip addresses to secure them.