Your data (both software and files) should be stored on an EBS volume (unless you have specific requirements that favour an ephemeral volume).
If the above is true (i.e. you have an EBS root volume), it is easy enough to add more space.
1) When I stop my instance what will be lost? Will the content of /var/www be lost? What does this mean? I am sure my instance isn't a spot instance.
When you stop your instance, you will lose:
- All data on ephemeral disks
- The IP addresses of the instance (except for an Elastic IP)
Spot instances cannot be stopped (only terminated)
2) Amazon does NOT have tools that directly allow for resizing a volume, but this can be accomplished using the available tools, in conjunction with some command on the server. Essentially:
- Take a snapshot of the EBS volume
- Create a new (larger) volume from the snapshot
- Attach the new volume to an instance and resize the filesytem (i.e. resize2fs for ext4)
- Detach the original root volume from your original instance, and attach the new volume
3) As mentioned above, the 'partition' size is limited by the size of the EBS volume. It is pointless to create an EBS volume larger than the size of the partitions it contains (as you pay for allocated space, not used space). It may be advisable to move all your data off the root volume. Create and attach a second EBS volume to the instance instead of making the root volume larger. In addition to separating the system software and your data, this reduces the data included in snapshots, and should make any future changes to your disk size easier.