If you have Oracle Support, then tell them.
It can be an internal problem with export itself and they will request additional information, tell you what to try and so on, until you resolve the problem.
You will probably also get a patch/fix if there is.
I would suggest doing the export with datapump instead as export is long time deprecated.
You need to define a directory where oracle should drop exported data into, then start datapump.
It's easy, faster and more reliable and flexible than import/export.
Example:
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE DIRECTORY expdump AS '/export/home/oracle/expdump';
SQL> GRANT READ, WRITE ON DIRECTORY expdump TO user_who_will_export;
Then run:
$ expdp user/pass schemas=schema1,schema2 directory=expdump dumpfile=myexport.dmp logfile=myexport.log
Addition:
Looks like you have problems with consistency of the DB.
Run logical and physical validation with RMAN to catch any other problems:
RMAN> connect target /
RMAN> run {
# set disk to be default device type
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;
# number of concurrent sessions to spawn (if you can affor parallelism)
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 10 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
# check datafiles for corruption 10 datafiles in each session (if you can afford paralellism)
BACKUP VALIDATE CHECK LOGICAL DATABASE FILESPERSET=10;
}
Code is generic, this snippet borrowed from http://oraclespin.wordpress.com/2008/06/11/how-to-check-physical-and-logical-data-corruption-using-rman/