I have tried this from three different virtual machines running on vSphere 5.0 with the same results. All disks are Virtual Disks as provided by ESXi (not iSCSI; not NFS). All disks (C:, E:) are formatted as NTFS.
If I create a folder on the C: and share it to Everyone:FC I can access it from a client PC as expected. It's a totally normal operation. I'm not doing anything interesting with permissions or anything. If I do the same exact thing on the E: I will get an Access Denied error when trying to access the folder.
If I browse to the server itself I can see both shares but I am blocked from accessing the share that resides on the E:. I've even tried adding a 3rd disk (F:) but I get the same result. The only place shares work is from C:.
The Effective Access tool even states that my user should have access. But no. I do not (neither does any other user because the permissions are Everyone:FC).
Server has all the latest patches available. No antivirus is installed. I've ever tried turning off the firewall just in case.
UPDATE: As requested. Here are some example events from the security log.
Success event on C:\OTHER share (this one works) A handle to an object was requested.
Subject:
Security ID: SYSTEM
Account Name: FILES-01$
Account Domain: domain
Logon ID: 0x3E7
Object:
Object Server: Security
Object Type: File
Object Name: C:\OTHER
Handle ID: 0x1248
Resource Attributes: -
Process Information:
Process ID: 0x3d0
Process Name: C:\Windows\System32\svchost.exe
Access Request Information:
Transaction ID: {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}
Accesses: SYNCHRONIZE
ReadAttributes
Access Reasons: SYNCHRONIZE: Granted by D:(A;OICIID;FA;;;SY)
ReadAttributes: Granted by D:(A;OICIID;FA;;;SY)
Access Mask: 0x100080
Privileges Used for Access Check: -
Restricted SID Count: 0
Failure event on E:\TEST (opposite of working)
A handle to an object was requested.
Subject:
Security ID: domain\myusername
Account Name: myusername
Account Domain: DOMAIN
Logon ID: 0x1D8C46
Object:
Object Server: WS-Management Listener
Object Type: Unknown
Object Name: Unknown
Handle ID: 0x0
Resource Attributes: -
Process Information:
Process ID: 0x2c8
Process Name: C:\Windows\System32\svchost.exe
Access Request Information:
Transaction ID: {00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}
Accesses: MAX_ALLOWED
Access Reasons: -
Access Mask: 0x2000000
Privileges Used for Access Check: -
Restricted SID Count: 0