Is there a tool that can read the partitioning information of a disk and partition another disk based on that information?
I don't know whether parted for instance can partition a disk based on a script, or whether there is a tool that can read a partition table and create a script that parted might be able to use, but I am interested in something like that if it exists.
parted
should do it. it can print out partitions in any unit you want, and then more invocations of parted would recreate it step by step.