I'm not too familiar with firewalld, but I thought I'd try it out on Ubuntu20.04. The problem I'm having is that port=80/tcp in zone=public gets blocked every time I try to add a new zone.
So my question is: how do I add a new zone without it blocking port=80/tcp in zone=public?
I describe what I did below.
(edit - I explain at end of this questions that these same actions are successful in ubuntu 18.04 and centos 8, but fail in ubuntu 20.04)
First, I install a clean instance of Ubuntu 20.04 on a VPS. Then I run these commands as root user from terminal:
# make sure ufw is not used
systemctl stop ufw && systemctl disable ufw;
# install a webserver so I can test port 80 will give me a web page
apt-get install -y apache2;
# install firewalld and configure
apt-get install -y firewalld;
systemctl start firewalld;
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp;
firewall-cmd --reload;
Now when I go to my server's ip address with a web browser, I can see the default apache web page.
Next, here is where things get unusual. I'll list my experiments in the exact order I performed them:
Experiment 1 - no active zones
I run the command firewall-cmd --get-active-zones.
The result is: terminal shows nothing.
Experiment 2 - add zone=john with no rules
I run these three commands:
firewall-cmd --new-zone=john --permanent;
firewall-cmd --reload;
firewall-cmd --get-active-zones;
The result is:
The web page renders properly.
But my terminal still does not print any active zones.
Experiment 3 - add rules to zone=john
I run these three commands:
# replace 1.1.1.1 with my home's ip address
firewall-cmd --zone=john --add-source=1.1.1.1/24 --permanent;
firewall-cmd --reload;
firewall-cmd --get-active-zones;
The result is:
Port 80 gets blocked and web page now times out and is unreachable
My terminal prints:
john
sources: 1.1.1.1/24
Experiment 4 - delete zone=john
I run these commands:
firewall-cmd --delete-zone=john --permanent;
firewall-cmd --reload;
The result is:
My web page is able to reload again.
Experiment 5 - adding interface=eth0 to zone=public
I tried activating my public zone with this command:
firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-interface=eth0;
firewall-cmd
firewall-cmd --reload;
firewall-cmd --get-active-zones;
The result is:
My webpage is still able to load.
My terminal shows:
public
interfaces: eth0
Experiment 6 - re-adding zone=john
I run these commands:
firewall-cmd --new-zone=john --permanent;
firewall-cmd --reload;
firewall-cmd --zone=john --add-source=1.1.1.1/24 --permanent;
firewall-cmd --reload;
firewall-cmd --get-active-zones;
The result is:
Port 80 gets blocked and web page now times out and is unreachable
My terminal prints:
john
sources: 1.1.1.1/24
public
interfaces: eth0
Final Result
So after all these experiments, firewall-cmd --list-all-zones will show this:
block
target: %%REJECT%%
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces:
sources:
services:
ports:
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
dmz
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces:
sources:
services: ssh
ports:
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
drop
target: DROP
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces:
sources:
services:
ports:
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
external
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces:
sources:
services: ssh
ports:
protocols:
masquerade: yes
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
home
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces:
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client mdns samba-client ssh
ports:
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
internal
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces:
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client mdns samba-client ssh
ports:
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
john (active)
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces:
sources: 1.1.1.1/24
services:
ports:
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
public (active)
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces: eth0
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client ssh
ports: 80/tcp
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
trusted
target: ACCEPT
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces:
sources:
services:
ports:
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
work
target: default
icmp-block-inversion: no
interfaces:
sources:
services: dhcpv6-client ssh
ports:
protocols:
masquerade: no
forward-ports:
source-ports:
icmp-blocks:
rich rules:
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
I rebuilt this VPS machine using Ubuntu 18.04 and ran the exact same script above. The result is success. I can add a new zone without blocking port=80/tcp on zone=public.
I rebuilt this VPS machine using CentOS 8. Then I took the script above and replaced apt-get with yum or dnf. The result is success. I can add a new zone without blocking port=80/tcp on zone=public.
I rebuilt this VPS machine again with Ubuntu 20.04 and ran the exact same script. The result is failure. The new zone is blocking port=80/tcp on zone=public.
I don't understand why things fail in Ubuntu 20.04 when it succeeds on Ubuntu 18.04 and CentOS 8.
systemctl stop ufw && systemctl disable ufw