Suppose under the current directory, there are multiple sub-directories, and one is called A.
How to delete all sub-directories except A with Bash?
11 Answers
Bash has extended globbing (first test, then remove the echo):
shopt -s extglob
echo rm -rf !(A)
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(before I forget - you might disable CSH style history completion, in Bash3 there's a bug while ignoring !(. set +H– TheBonsaiCommented Jun 4, 2009 at 19:38
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+1 Bash if full of surprises! Sometimes they are nice like this one. Commented Nov 16, 2010 at 1:46
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Wauw very nice indeed! Works as expected. With
shopt | grep extYou can see if the plugin is enabled. Commented Nov 21, 2015 at 21:24
What about:
mv A /tmp/
rm * -rf
mv /tmp/A .
This avoids some of the "scariness" of a typo in the other commands.
Please be aware to not be in the root (/) folder when running the rm * -rf command above.
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1+1 for doing the sane thing instead of hoping the tools are smart enough. still, one night, when i was just learning Linux, i copied the kernel to /tmp before doing my first recompile. it didn't succeed, but erased the old one, so i said 'no sweat, i have a copy' only to find that a midnight cron task had erased it with every file more than a week old in /tmp! i had to recompile again and this time do it right, or no reboot for me!– JavierCommented Jun 4, 2009 at 21:16
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Something like
find . -type d -not -name A -exec rm -ir {} \;
should do.
edit
It should really be
find . -type d -maxdepth 1 -not -name A -exec rm -ir {} \;
to prevent find from recursing below A.
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3But, this would also remove any sub-directories below A like A/foo and A/bar, but would preserve A/A. Commented Jun 4, 2009 at 19:30
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Cool! Questions and answert get migrated from SO to SF... but my edit above was lost...– agnulCommented Jun 4, 2009 at 19:47
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It should be better to swap maxdepth and type arguments like this : find . -maxdepth 1 -type d -not -name A -exec rm -ir {} \; Commented Feb 11, 2019 at 14:08
i usually do this by working up an ls command that gets it right first. i'm not at a unix machine, but something like:
ls -lda "[^A]"
Once you get it right, pipe it to a command
ls -lda "[^A]" | xargs rm -rf
Feel free to edit above if I've got my regular expression wrong...
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You shouldn't parse ls: mywiki.wooledge.org/ParsingLs Commented Jun 4, 2009 at 22:41
If you want to be more flexible but manual you can do:
ls > /tmp/foo
edit /tmp/foo as you like
xargs -a /tmp/foo rm -r
That way you can do general munging.
Here's one way. Be careful with this sort of thing, though, it's so powerful that it can only be used for good or evil...
find * -type d | grep -v "^A" | xargs rm -rf
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Actually -v already negates the values, so "^" is not required, it's -v name_to_keep– BraikarCommented Apr 23, 2021 at 9:11
Don't use find as some people have shown with -exec and rm without passing -print0 to find and -0 to xargs. It will get confused on file names with spaces or newlines:
$ mkdir 'foo foo'
$ mkdir foo$'\n'foo
$ find . -type d -exec rm -ir {} \;
rm: cannot remove directory `.'
rm: remove directory `./foo\nfoo'? y
find: `./foo\nfoo': No such file or directory
rm: remove directory `./foo foo'? y
find: `./foo foo': No such file or directory
Instead use find -print0 with xargs -0 , '-exec command {} +', or -delete if your find supports it.
In addition to the earlier example of:
find -maxdepth 1 -type d -not -name A -not -name "." -exec rm -ir {} \;
you can also do:
find some/subdir -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d -not -name A -exec rm -ir {} \;
to avoid having to cd some/subdir first.