On a fresh install of Exchange 2010, new distribution groups are not appearing in the GAL. I have also forced a download of the GAL to no avail. I have tried creating the groups in both the default OU and other locations as well. Nothing seems to work. I have successfully created distribution groups before and had no problems. The groups appear in Outlook Web Access, but even if I manually type in the address of the group and press "Check Names" in Outlook it does not work. I have been unable to find the exact issue on ServerFault, although I have seen posts about replication/cache time, since I am forcing the download AND it has been 24 hours (when the setting is 8 hours) I don't think that is the issue.
EDIT: If I disable Cached Exchange Mode, it works - I see the distribution groups as expected. However when I enable cached exchange mode again it stops working and even if I force a download I do not get the new groups.