Questions tagged [hard-drive]

Questions about hard disks' performance, issues, tips, and software.

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4 votes
5 answers
16k views

Safe and beneficial to enable HD disk cache for disks in RAID, or not?

Dell Perc RAID cards (among others) allow you to set the disk cache policy to be either on (meaning, the individual hard disks use their built-in caches) or off (meaning, the individual disk caches ...
0 votes
0 answers
27 views

I gave a 2.2 TB hard disk but only 100GB (sda->sda3->ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv) mounted in / [duplicate]

I have ubuntu 22.04 server on my vm in esxi and iam new for this The size of my current directory(/home/<username>) after login is only 100GB df -h . Filesystem Size ...
1 vote
0 answers
27 views

dmesg spamming "Power-on or device reset occurred"

So I have a DELL R730xd Server with 24 SSDs on a PERC H730P Mini controller in HBA mode. All 24 drives are in one big ZFS Raid-Z2 pool. I have noticed that dmesg gets spammed with a lot of these ...
3 votes
2 answers
9k views

How can I secure erase a drive using Powershell?

Does Powershell have a built-in way to secure erase a disk? By secure erase, I mean writing random data or all zeros to the entire disk. By disk, I mean the whole physical disk, not individual files, ...
32 votes
11 answers
21k views

To improve SQL performance, why not just put lots of RAM rather than having faster hard disks?

People keep telling me that in order to improve an SQL server's performance, buy the fastest hard disks possible with RAID 5, etc. So I was thinking, instead of spending all the money for RAID&...
20 votes
3 answers
126k views

How to unlock an SSD disk with hdparm?

I have an SSD disk with password protection, but the password was lost long time ago... so I tried to erase the ATA security with the hdparm command. With "hdparm -I", the disk information ...
0 votes
3 answers
47 views

How to recover if a disk with OS on dedicated server fails?

Dedicated server on a private cloud that consists of four disks. One of the disks contains the operating system (OS). If the disk fails, the server will not start, and we cannot extract data from the ...
7 votes
2 answers
7k views

Unit for Total_LBAs_Written in SMART data

I have 3 machines with disks (actually, SSDs) in RAID1, purposely with different brands in an attempt to make it improbable to loose them both simultaneously due to wear-out. They are functional. They ...
5 votes
1 answer
5k views

Cannot initialize disk in PowerShell : Initialize-Disk throws "The disk has already been initialized"

I'm trying to change the flash drive's partition style to GPT using PowerShell, but the cmdlet throws "The disk has already been initialized" (even though I've cleaned the drive): PS C:\WINDOWS\...
7 votes
2 answers
2k views

Win7-10, can you mount an NTFS hard drive and ignore permissions like Win XP?

I have several hard drives that I need to grab data from. All are formatted NTFS, a couple have Win 10 installed, a few have Win7 installed. Under Windows 2000 and XP, I could simply attach the drive ...
0 votes
2 answers
253 views

How do data centers deal with constant disk failure?

According to disk reliability report on 2022 https://www.techspot.com/news/97909-ssd-reliability-only-slightly-better-than-hdd-backblaze.html SSD hard drives have a annualized failure rate of 0.98% , ...
4 votes
3 answers
1k views

Getting a RAID controller to surface scan on a sane schedule

The controller I'm presently working with is quite old, the HP Smart Array P400; in part I want to know how to deal with that controller, but I'm also interested in the general perspective -- if there ...
2 votes
1 answer
4k views

Cannot set secondary hard drive offline in Disk Management

I need to set a disk as offline in order to connect it to a Hyper V virtual machine. This disk has Ubuntu installed on it. Windows has absolutely no use for it. The ubuntu disk is "Disk 1". It has ...
1 vote
1 answer
442 views

kafka cluster RAID vs JBOD with new hardware and kafka versions

we want to design production kafka cluster with 7 kafka machines , on RHEL OS kafka version should be - 2.7 usually we are installing the kafka machine/s disks as RAID 10 ( as confluent recommended ) ...
0 votes
1 answer
525 views

OSError: [Errno 30] Read-only file system: <relative_path_to_file>

(On Ubuntu 22.04 LTS) When trying to create or edit any file or directory on my hard drive I get a 'Read-only file system'-error (two days ago I could still do that): $ whoami mattia $ mkdir example ...
16 votes
9 answers
92k views

Disk usage per user in Linux / Unix

I need to find out how much disk space is being occupied by each user on the network. I am aware of df and du commands: I could list the entire filesystem and AWK the output, but I wonder if there is ...
0 votes
1 answer
53 views

vmstat + on RHEL machine high values of swpd

The swpd field indicates how much swap space has been used; this value increases when the systems physical memory is full and the Linux kernel starts to use the swap partition/file. When the systems ...
1 vote
5 answers
19k views

100% disk full on Centos?

Can someone tell me, why is this 100% used on the /? How can I fix this problem? I'm not a unix admin, I'm a programmer but can read the books. [root@datasrv /]# df Filesystem 1K-blocks ...
0 votes
1 answer
99 views

Shrink/Reduce disk size on a Linux RAID 1 server

i am looking for a way to clone my HDD to SSD without loosing data or the Linux system itself. The problem is the size of current HDD is 1TB and the SSD we got have 480GB, so i can't clone directly ...
33 votes
10 answers
23k views

Reliability of ssd drives

The main advantage of SSD drives is better performance. I am interested in their reliability. Are SSD drives more reliable then normal hard drives? Some people say they must be because they have no ...
1 vote
1 answer
414 views

RHEL + how to prevent OS disk - sda to change after reboot

We installed RHEL 7.9 version on physical machine., when sda device was the OS. The machine has the following disks. sda - OS disk sdb - data disk sdc - data disk After reboot OS disk device changed ...
37 votes
2 answers
23k views

What does SMART testing do and how does it work?

man smartctl states (SNIPPED for brevity): The first category, called "online" testing. The second category of testing is called "offline" testing. Normally, the disk will ...
0 votes
0 answers
92 views

Apache Kafka Kraft best practices and what is the preferred disk storage for the meta-data topic

My question concerns the recommended disk storage for the topic __cluster_metadata-0 under controllers in Kraft mode. we have two options: Locate the topic __cluster_metadata-0 , on OS volume as /...
47 votes
9 answers
67k views

Linux ATA errors: Translating to a device name?

When a Linux box gets an ATA error, it syslogs it with a message identifying the disk as "ata%d.00". How do I translate that to a device name (e.g. /dev/sdb)? I feel like this should be trivial, but I ...
0 votes
1 answer
130 views

Debian 11 fails to update grub configuration

I have the following error when I run an update script with ansible: Generating grub configuration file ...", "Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.10.0-26-amd64", "Found initrd ...
0 votes
1 answer
11k views

Ceph hardware sizing calculator

I would like to calculate the Hardware sizing for a ceph cluster. There are so few references to the sizing, that I try to get these details here in the community. E.g. what shall i have depending on ...
1 vote
1 answer
7k views

How do I extend the space of /dev/sda3 on Oracle Linux Server 7.9

Disk capacity is at 105GB, but the root directory (/dev/sda3) capacity is only 39GB, I want to increase the capacity. How can we do this? By the way, the OS is Oracle Linux Server 7.9. $ df -h ...
0 votes
1 answer
185 views

Error 20580 occurred at disk power-on lifetime

I just put new discs to my server and I want to create raid but during initial rebuild (raid 5) I get disc failure. After that I have problem to check SMART parameter of that disc. After reboot I get ...
16 votes
3 answers
14k views

How to 're-balance' data in zfs? (Make sure the data is spread amongst all striped mirrors)

Using a striped mirror (Raid 10) as an example, if two disks are expanded to four, how can the data from the two disks be 're-balanced' (spread out) amongst the two mirrors? That is, how can the ...
61 votes
8 answers
190k views

dd on entire disk, but do not want empty portion

I have a disk, say /dev/sda. Here is fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 64.0 GB, 64023257088 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7783 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (...
0 votes
1 answer
89 views

MSSQL database slow when move database on other disk

MSSQL Developer Edition, with many database online for test purposes. To better handle disk space, I moved some databases to another disk. Moved databases perform slower than the original location (...
7 votes
4 answers
10k views

Convert full hard drive to LVM without external storage

Recently, my 2TB hard drive ran out of space, so I purchased another one to supplement it. My old drive is mounted in a specific folder (does not have system files or anything). Technically, I could ...
0 votes
0 answers
30 views

Reasons for high disk time but minimal IOPS

Can anyone possibly suggest scenarios on a large database system where system stats show a rapidly increasing disk time stats, but next to no actual disk IO? When working with lots of large files, ...
6 votes
3 answers
2k views

Can I make md (Linux software RAID) more fault tolerant?

I have a particular hard drive in a RAID 1 mirror that gets failed out under heavy load, typically, when I run a full backup. There is nothing wrong with the drive. Ok, it is getting one error when ...
2 votes
6 answers
2k views

Is it possible that hard drive temperature reading is inaccurate by a large margin?

I have a 3 - 4 year old 250GB WD hard drive that has shown abnormally high temperature readings ever since I bought it. The temperatures were so much higher than expected that I ended up attributing ...
2 votes
1 answer
158 views

Shingled magnetic recording(SMR) device managed - sequential write performance optimizations

recently (2020-05) many HDD producers were caught silently replacing CMR lines with SMR disks, which brought more exposure to the whole concept. It seems that most device-managed SMR disks first ...
0 votes
0 answers
81 views

kafka + what is the meaning of Log directory is offline

our Kafka production cluster include 23 broker machines , and each broker include 35 JBOD disks broker version is - apache 2.7 version , and cluster include 5 zookeeper servers from /var/log/kafka/...
0 votes
1 answer
43 views

Curious? LVM on a brand new drive?

i wanted to replace a broken zfs-drive on my server and got a "sealed" drive from my storage for that usage, but when i first checked the drive it shows me that there is a LVM on it. My ...
2 votes
2 answers
1k views

mdadm assemble ignoring --force? Raid10 minimal difference in 'Actions' between Harddisks

My server Is runnIng a 4 dIsk software raId 10 based on mdadm. EarlIer today a small power outage shut down the server and now It only boots to the InItrd emergency system (ubuntu 16.04), complaInIng ...
0 votes
0 answers
75 views

Data restoration of a RAID1 drive from a QNAP NAS

I have a dead QNAP HS-251 NAS enclosure, using two disks in RAID1. The enclosure is dead, but the drives seem fine. I would like to recover the data on it. . Of course, I have no backup... Stupidly,I ...
1 vote
0 answers
254 views

/dev/sda Currently unreadable (pending) sectors alert but smartclt shows everything as 0

I already read the similar questions but mine seems to tell a different story or the answers there don't work for me. SMART error (CurrentPendingSector) detected on host Device: /dev/sda [SAT], 1 ...
4 votes
4 answers
3k views

Benchmarking hard disks on Mac OS X SL

On Linux I would usually use "hdparm -tT device" when I want a quick idea of how an hard drive is performing compared to another; having switched to Mac OS X a few months back I have yet to find ...
0 votes
2 answers
749 views

Acessing HP Disk Array from Linux

I have some old HP Proliant GL5 with HP P400i array controllers that I want to put to some use. In a small test I have booted with Archlinux, and it was able to list the array card and network ...
8 votes
3 answers
31k views

failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED - cause of server running slow?

A headless Linux NFS fileserver has been running slow for the last couple days (based on subjective reports from users). I checked journalctl did not see any relevant errors. However, when I ...
12 votes
1 answer
13k views

How do I disable hard disk spin down or head parking in FreeBSD?

I have built a new FreeBSD file server with multiple HDDs. I found whenever the disks are not accessed for a while, the disks would spin down completely or park its head. How do I disable HDD spin ...
1 vote
0 answers
122 views

Different size of disk in disk management and my computer, after extend in Hyper-V

I have a problem after live extend disk from Hyper-V on running machine. I normally increase the disk size from Hyper-V (300GB->1.3TB), then on system using disk management for extend. In this case,...
0 votes
2 answers
52 views

What is a good choise for heavily used data storage

We are a small business that analyze lots of biological data, writing and reading something in range from 500Gb to 1.5Tb now to produce final results that are much smaller. I personally am a data ...
0 votes
1 answer
46 views

HPE ProLiant DL380 Gen10 server RHEL8

I have two physical servers host RHEL8 lets name them (server1, server2). Server1 has 4 physical disks configured on RAID1. The size of disk1 and disk2 together equal 800GB, and disk3 and disk4 equal ...
0 votes
1 answer
3k views

HDD Bad sectors not realloated but no smart errors

I have a pair of WDD drives and recently one got kicked out of the RAID1 array. SMART is showing that there's IO errors on some sectors, but all the SMART attributes appear to be looking fine: root@...
10 votes
2 answers
14k views

How to determine which file/inode occupies a given sector

I received messages in /var/log/kern.log that indicate drive failure. The messages occured while copying my $HOME between drives (ext4 -> ext3): [ 5733.186033] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code [...

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